just adding a new element to a page isn't necessarily ajax, and it's probably to simple for either prototype or scriptalicious to do the job specifically, althought they both probably use it extensively. If you are using and saving the new added feature automatically you would do it through prototype just to send the request to store that specific row.
Depending on how you are bulding your element, you approach it in different ways.
First option, you can manually make the code and use document.write to add the code to the body like
var myContent='Hello there';
var mynewbar='<div id=\'blah\'>'
mynewbar += myContent;
mynewbar +='</div>'
document.write(mynewbar);
or you can use innerHTML on it's parent object with the similar method
<table><tr><td id='addtothis'></td></tr></table>
<script>.....
document.getElementById('addtothis').innerHTML = document.getElementById('addtothis').innerHTML + mynewbar;
but that would reset any changes done to any element like text fields in your td, so the best method is, if you are systematically adding like objects is to use appendChild. Using parent, child nodes is a bit tricky if you arent familiar with it, go to www.w3schools.com and check out their section on parent/child elments. But the prinicple is basically generate your code using document.createElement and append that to the element you wish to add it underneath.
It seems more complicated then it really is. But then which ever function you use to add the row, just use the same to submit your header request.