If the PHP script being called will recognize input data from $GET (or $REQUEST), then you can use a link and put the "form data" in the URL query string, e.g.:
<?php
printf(
"<a href='http://www.example.com/script.php?fld1=%s&fld2=%s&fld3=%s'>click me</a>",
urlencode($value1),
urlencode($value2),
urlencode($value3)
);
If the receiving script only looks for $_POST data, then you will either need to use a form, or else do some clever JavaScript stuff to send post data to it via an onclick() event or such (AJAX, perhaps?).