The first problem is that these:
$id= '$_POST["id"]';
$cdate= '$_POST["cdate"]';
cause $id and $cdate to be variables containing the strings '$POST["id"]' and '$POST["cdate"]' respectively. They have nothing to do with the incoming variables $POST["id"] and $POST["cdate"].
The next problem is that, assuming the first problem was fixed, you attempt to assign the incoming variables before checking that they exist.
What you should write then, is along these lines:
if (isset($_POST["id"], $_POST["cdate"])) {
$id = $_POST["id"];
$cdate= $_POST["cdate"];
$update = "query";
ociexecute($update, OCI_DEFAULT);
$committed = ocicommit($conn);
// Test whether commit was successful. If error occurred, return error message
if (!$committed) {
$error = oci_error($conn);
echo 'Commit failed. Oracle reports: ' . $error['message'];
}
}