Normally when you have a full string you can just put it all within ""'s like this:
echo "BLAH BLAH BLAH!";
But when you introduce variables and functions into the command you have to "get out" of the ""'s for a bit to execute your code, the period tells PHP to not expect a string anymore like this:
$name = "Shawn";
echo "Hello". $name ."! The time is now: ". time() ."!";
// That would output:
// Hello Shawn! The time is now: 8:20!