GET, POST, etc. are http constructs. A local include doesn't involve http request/response, so the http query array is not involved and not set. PHP sees the include string (for local includes, without a protocol prefix) as a relative or absolute pathname. I believe the same is true for asp.
Since included code inherits the scope of the including code, just set the appropriate variable(s) before calling the include. For example:
$a = 'article1';
include 'article.php';
That relates to your first post. To do what you ask in you latest post:
$a = 1;
include 'article/' . $a . '.txt';
More in the PHP manual chapter on include.