With a left join, all rows in the first table (table1 in my example) will be returned by the join even if there is no match in the second table. In those cases, any fields selected from the second table will have a null value. So (if my theory is correct), the where clause will filter out results where there is a matching email address in the 2nd table, so you'll only get those result where the email is in the first table but not in the second.