In any PHP script, you can see what path the user was using when they arrived at your page by looking at the SERVER["REQUEST_URI"] variable. For example, in your index.html file (which you should probably rename to index.php), the variable would have this value:
/english/contact/index.html
or
/french/contact/index.html
With regular expressions, you can examine that variable to see what language is currently being displayed and display a link to the other language like this:
preg_match("/^\/([^\/]+)\/(.+)$/",$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"],$regs);
$language = $regs[1];
$page = $regs[2];
if ($language=="french") { $other_language = "english"; }
if ($language=="english") { $other_language = "french"; }
echo "<a href=\"/".$other_language."/".$page."\">";
echo "<img src=\"/images/".$other_language."-button.gif\" border=0></a>";