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The "." (period/dot) is an [man]operator[/man] (just like + or * would be in a mathematical expression). More specifically, it's a string operator (see: [man]operators.string[/man]) called the "concatenation operator" which is used to concatenate two strings together.
EDIT: Also, when posting PHP code, please use the board's [noparse]
..
[/noparse] bbcode tags as they make your code much easier to read and analyze.