How do I encode certain characters to keep them in tact. For example, if someone submits this in a form:
Mælody
my db stores:
Mélody
Common approach is to use UTF-8 throughout your site (e.g. in the HTML pages, in the DB, etc.).
This may help: http://www.charles-reace.com/blog/2008/10/03/utf8-in-php-and-mysql/
when brad says "use utf-8" there are a few places you have to "use" it.