No, PHP is serverside, as opposed to javascript which is client side, assuming you are browsing pages through a webserver anyway.
No, move_uploaded_file does not move things from YOUR computer. It moves a file (allready uploaded from your computer to the server) from the upload directory, which can be expected to be a temporary location on the server to a non-temporary location.
Javascript doesn't have file access to your computer for security reasons.
Do the file upload as you usually do using an html form, then perform whatever file operations are necessary on the server.