Everything that you all have said makes perfect sense. Most of that stuff I know, but I get easily confused when things stop working. Even if I go back and read the manual, I assume I still have it backwards.
Ultimately this is what was causing the issue. Apparently I misunderstood why, when and where to use this. I was calling this right before setting the session variables. I removed it and it works as it should.
session_regenerate_id(true);
Thanks again for the help and confirming some of the basics I already knew.