You cannot make an input box immutable without making the entire input box immutable:
<input type='url' disabled>
The solution would be to add the "http://" during processing after the form is POSTed.
You could display the "http://" before the input box in order to imply to users that it will be added:
http://<input type="url" name="txtLinkURL" autocomplete="off" required style="width: 400px">