When you say "the user clicks the link Week 5" then you are suggesting a url is needed which tells your server the user is interested in week 5. So a link like this:
<a href="mypage.php?week=5">Week 5</a>
Would take the user to mypage.php where you could extract the week requested like so:
echo "You have requested " . intval($_GET["week"]);
To show a series of links, you could do something like this:
for($w=1; $w<=52; $w++) {
echo '<a href="mypage.php?week=" . $w . '">' . $w . '</a>';
}
Perhaps if you start your script with this information, we can supply more detail when you get confused.