I don't think PHP provides a function for this, but you could write one using fsockopen() to port 80 on the remote machine.
You will need to read the HTTP documentation (at www.w3c.org) on how to properly format a POST connection -- as I recall, you have to pass the destination Web server a properly formed HTTP request header that contains the size of the POST data, followed by a bytestream containing the POST data.
If you want to do something with the remote CGI's output, it's slightly more complicated; you would need to read/save the response and strip off the HTTP header (since you are not using a PHP function that handles that for you).
All of this presupposes that you really need to use POST and not GET. If you can use GET, it's much simpler -- just fopen a connection to http://whatever/path?yourvariable=yourdata and get the response.