You are right that there is nothing that PHP, C++, Java, Javascript, Perl, Python, etc. can do that C cannot, since C is what all those are written in. (Even i386 Assembly Languages are written in C and Assembly; and C is written in Assembly and C, so there really isn't ANYTHING that cannot be done in C or Assembly, so it holds true for just about any language. The two of them can write drivers, libraries, operating systems, drivers, compilers, interpreters, etc.... Even modern scripting languages like Perl or Python can do much of that, with some coaxing.)
However, that doesn't mean that somebody has written a PHP -> C compiler/converter. I don't think it exists, today. If it does, I'd surely like to know about it, myself.
It certainly CAN be done. I understand that ANY interpreted language can be made into a compiled language. (The only chink in the armor is all the dynamic stuff done by PHP, Perl, Python, etc., such as "late binding" of variables and the ability to place an interpreter inside an interpreter using eval(), blah, blah, blah.)
I hope it exists.
Supposedly, XML and SOAP (and/or XML-RPC and/or .net) should eliminate alot of the need to do this, though.... We should, in the near future, be able to have one standard way of calling functions/methods and handling data among multiple operating systems, machines, and languages. So, in the near future, just write a set of functions, make them exportable via SOAP, and viola! No need to do the above -- MAYBE.... Tune in next year for more details....