No.
The best thing you get is a bounce from the remote server, telling you that addr@host.com does not exist. It'll be sent to the user that runs your webserver (i.e. 'nobody').
You can ofcourse automatically process these bounces, only problem being they are not uniform. Depending on the remote mailserver, the contents and structure of the bounced mails differ. You can probably catch 65-80% easily, though 🙂