It's fairly simple..
<?
header("Content-type: image/jpeg");
passthru("/path/to/convert -geometry 100x100 /path/to/file.jpg -");
?>
you'll have to look at the imagemagick documentation for the options for -geometry (there are quite a few). The - at the end is in the place of the "output" file, and - just tells it to go to stdout (which passthru() displays to the user).
Simple, fast, and effective.
I store most images in a database, and I even put them in a temp file on disk, run the above script (basically) and then delete the file. For the quality, it's still faster than using GD (someone wrote a bicubic resize filter for GD which actually looks really good, but it's incredibly slow).
ImageMagick is being added to PECL (the c++ version of PEAR), but very few options have been added so far. You can see it at pear.php.net.
Hope this helps anyways.