Well on my Linux box I have the dbases on
/var/lib/mysql
each dir is a dbase. You could mount your cdrom on say /var/lib/mysql/mycatalog and start the mysql deamon. Mysql and php would probably have to be installed on the computer though.
The other option is to have a special script on the CD which starts mysql off it. You have to consider that mysql will try to log errors and look for touched files and pid files. You will have to have access to a writable filesystem with enough rights to do that.
/safe_mysqld --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$pid_file
starting something like the above with $datadir=/mnt/cdrom/mycatalog
should work
As for php, well are you going to use some stand alone implementation I believe. Web based wouldn't work to well 🙂
Saludos
Gerardo