first, excel is a spreadsheet and MySQL is a database. These are not the same type of application. Spreadsheets are built to handle math and mostly math only (even though, many use it as a page layout program...). Databases are built to handle... data (doh!) so it can be data of any type.
Yes MySQL can do everything you want and more, but it doesn't work like Excel. it is a lot more work on the front end to do what you want, and you are going to want a graphical front end, probably one you write in PHP. So... the answer to your question is yes, but you don't realize the task ahead of you.