In long, you can - if you can be bothered!
have a hidden frame, use javascript to send a request to check the database, then to read the resulting page and show up any errors. The user doesn't get a page change but you have to ask - is it worth it?
have a look at the order page at http://www.pcpropertymanager.com and see what happens to incomplete or incorrect info - like a dummy email address - and what happens when it's right. I think it's an ok user experience.
HTH
S