It depends on the database and on the form and on the language used. Usually when the data is entered into the form, then some script (PHP, ASP, JSP, ... ) is called with those date as a parameters. Then the script is executed and usually it allows to sent mail, SMS, or something else.
Some databases like PostgreSQL allows to program some code as a TRIGGER, which is TRIGGERD by an update of some row. Then some TRIGGER languages allow to sent mail I think.
Hope it helped.
Zdenek