for example if your query looks like
select firstname from names
then the column would be firstname.
if you want to for example to change the column name then you can change the query slightly using the as clause suchs as:
select firstname as namefirst from names
or omit the as and still have the same meaning such as:
select firstname namefirst from names
this also holds true for columns that return the results of database functions: for example
select count(firstname) allfirstnames from names
Hopefully this is what you were asking.