PEAR stands for PHP Extension and Application Repository.
This means that those Extensios are free to use and to distribute like CPAN modules for Perl. But, those extensions are developed and packed under rules set by the PEAR consortium (or whatever). This way, installation is less effort, learning the packages is less effort, and standardizing is a great gain.
Using those PEAR things is up to you. Some of them are very helpfull though. Like the PEAR:😃B module. This one is similar like the very popular DBI for Perl.
With this package it doesn't matter if you develop code for MySQL or PostgreSQL or Oracle. Since the module figures it out by itself. So transporting one class or application from one server to the other is a lot easier to manage. Instead of changing al the connects, queries etc. to a specific type of DB, it is managed by this package.
Read more on this feature of the PEAR:😃B on
http://www.devshed.com/Server_Side/PHP/DBAbstraction
Good luck, and I recommend to start using this kind of packages, it helps you to keep a standard for the future (see CPAN).
Aschwin