Yeah, generally speaking, I think of things like Wordpress, Joomla, or Drupal as content management systems (CMS) which could, in theory, be built on top of a web framework such as Laravel (IMHO the best PHP framework out there right now for a number of reasons).
Compared to JQuery, the PHP MVC frameworks probably have more "stuff" (or more types of "stuff"), as they are generally solving for a bigger problem space. Of course, for some comparatively simple web applications, you might only need to solve for a narrow sub-set of that space, in which case a MVC framework might be overkill -- but in other cases it's just the beginning.